Iceberg model and Iceberg model of culture

American psychologist McClelland  proposed a famous model called icebery model in 1973.the so-called “Iceberg model” is to staff the different quality of the performance of the individual tables into the surface “over part of the iceberg” and hidden ” The following part of the iceberg. ”

Among them, the “top of the above section,” including including basic knowledge and basic skills, which is the external performance.It is easy to understand and measure the part, which is also relatively easy to change through training and development.

and The following section includes social roles, self-image, character and motivation,which are inside of the people, some difficulty to measure.They are not easy to change through the outside influence.But the behavior and performance of the staff plays a key role.

The six dimensions of people’s quality

1, Knowledge (Knowledge): refers to individuals get factual information and empirical in a particular field

2, skill (Skill): refers to the structured use of the knowledge capacity to perform a specific job, namely, you need a  technology and know-how required for the situationof a particular area .

3, social role (SocialRoles): means a person’s behavior based on attitudes and values, ways and style

4, self-concept (Self-Concept): refers to a person’s attitudes, values and self-image.

5. Trait:   The sustained response of physical characteristics and a variety of information on the environment.Quality and motivation of individuals can predict the work under the supervision of the state in the long term.

6.Motives: refers to a specific area of natural and sustainable ideas and preferences (such as achievement, affinity, influence), they will drive, guide and determine a person’s external action.

Iceberg Model of Culture

To help you better understand culture and decode certain behaviours, we give you a good
Canadian model: the Iceberg. When seen on the water, only approximately 10% of the iceberg
can be seen—most of it is below the surface. This model is useful in helping us understand
behaviours of members of other cultures. Have a look at the iceberg and its 3 sections.

Topography of Mind:
Freud’s Iceberg Model for Unconscious, Pre-conscious, & Conscious

According to Freud, there are three levels of consciousness:

• conscious (small): this is the part of the mind that holds what you抮e aware of. You can verablize about your conscious experience and you can think about it in a logical fashion.
• preconscious (small-medium): this is ordinary memory. So although things stored here aren抰 in the conscious, they can be readily brought into conscious.
• unconscious (enormous): Freud felt that this part of the mind was not directly accessible to awareness. In part, he saw it as a dump box for urges, feelings and ideas  that are tied to anxiety, conflict and pain. These feelings and thoughts have not disappeared and according to Freud, they are there, exerting influence on our actions and our conscious awareness.  This is where most of the work of the Id, Ego, and Superego take place.

Material passes easily back and forth between the conscious and the preconscious. Material from these two areas can slip into the unconscious. Truly unconscious material cant� be made available voluntarily, according to Freud. You need a psychoanalyst to do this!

Iceberg metaphor for the mind抯 layout:

We can use the metaphor of an iceberg to help us in understanding Freud’s topographical theory.

• Only 10% of an iceberg is visible (conscious) whereas the other 90% is beneath the water (preconscious and unconscious).
• The Preconscious is allotted approximately 10% -15% whereas the Unconscious is allotted an overwhelming 75%-80%.